Sparse qubit operation in a 6$\times$6 quantum dot array

Abstract

Fault-tolerant quantum computation requires increasing the qubit count while maintaining high performance and connectivity. Semiconductor qubits have demonstrated high-fidelity operation, but growing the system size at sufficient connectivity remains challenging, such that scaling mainly occurred in one spatial direction to preserve access for control lines in the other. Here, we realise an approach that relaxes the requirements on fabrication and demonstrate a 6$\times$6 quantum dot array, defined by a shared barrier gate and individual plunger gates. The quantum dots are tuned through coherent spin shuttling over distances up to 5.2um into a sparse configuration of 10 simultaneously operated qubits, leaving space for shuttling connections. We reduce crosstalk by 42$\times$ in this separated regime, enabling high-fidelity simultaneous single-qubit control, while control-Z operations can be implemented through shuttling and plunger-only control. These results promise high-connectivity quantum circuits, enabled by scaling to two-dimensional geometries and exploiting shuttling.