Multi-Dataset Diagnostic Utility of Clinical Visual Concepts in AI Systems for Dermatology

Linda Wermelinger; Simone Lionetti; Fabian Gröger; Nipun Ranasekara; Philippe Gottfrois; Ludovic Amruthalingam; Labelling Consortium; Marc Pouly; Alexander A. Navarini

arXiv · 2610.08086

Multi-Dataset Diagnostic Utility of Clinical Visual Concepts in AI Systems for Dermatology

Linda Wermelinger·Simone Lionetti·Fabian Gröger·Nipun Ranasekara·Philippe Gottfrois·Ludovic Amruthalingam·Labelling Consortium·Marc Pouly·Alexander A. Navarini

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Abstract

The clinical integration of AI systems in digital dermatology relies heavily on human trust. Clinically interpretable visual concepts can act as intermediate representations enhancing trust and reliability. However, research in this domain is currently limited by scattered, heterogeneous dataset annotations. In this work, we introduce SkinLex, a harmonized dataset of 48 clinical morphological attributes across four public datasets (SkinCon, DermaCon-IN, MM-Skin, and PASSION) for a total of 20,411 records. Supervised nine-partition classification of skin conditions shows that limiting features to specific visual groups, like shapes or colors alone, reduces diagnostic accuracy. Bootstrapped backward elimination reveals that the set of 48 visual concepts has some degree of redundancy for algorithmic nine-partition diagnosis on the examined dataset. This demonstrates that coarse diagnosis on the selected dataset requires a relatively small but varied combination of clinical concepts, and motivates further research to improve concept taxonomy. Results can be translated into clinical benefits by reducing inputs for concept-based models, improving efficiency for annotation and modeling, and further enhancing interpretability. Code and prompt templates are available at https://github.com/Digital-Dermatology/SkinLex.

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Linda Wermelinger, Simone Lionetti, Fabian Gröger, Nipun Ranasekara, Philippe Gottfrois, Ludovic Amruthalingam, Labelling Consortium, Marc Pouly, Alexander A. Navarini. 2026-10-06. Multi-Dataset Diagnostic Utility of Clinical Visual Concepts in AI Systems for Dermatology. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08086

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