Temporally Interpretable Differentiable Decision Trees

Eisuke Hirota; Aarav Sane; Rohan Paleja

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arXiv · 2610.10367

Temporally Interpretable Differentiable Decision Trees

Eisuke Hirota·Aarav Sane·Rohan Paleja

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Abstract

Interpretability offers a solution to safe autonomy by providing transparency into an agent's underlying decision-making model. Within sequential-decision making tasks, differentiable decision trees (DDTs) are one approach to such interpretability, maintaining automatic-differentiable policies while providing humans with a discrete tree-based visualization. Nonetheless, current implementations of DDTs are not well-suited for sequential-decision making domains, as there exists an inherent mismatch between a tree's single-timestep behavior and a human's multi-timestep planning. Our work thus introduces time as a new dimension of interpretability, coined as temporal interpretability, and demonstrates how temporal abstractions via action chunking improve it. We achieve this by first introducing two novel policy gradient algorithms that incorporate action chunking. Additionally, to maintain parameter-efficient trees, we develop an information-theoretic tree restructuring algorithm that modifies the tree during training. Across four simulation environments, we find that warm-starting action chunked DDTs from a distilled action chunked policy is the most effective way to obtain temporally interpretable trees: they match neural network policies in three of the four domains while using up to 80$\%$ fewer parameters. Our code is available at https://github.com/ei5uke/temp-interp.

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BibTeX RIS

Eisuke Hirota, Aarav Sane, Rohan Paleja. 2026-10-07. Temporally Interpretable Differentiable Decision Trees. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.10367

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