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arXiv · 2610.11125

Sub-MHz SWAP spectroscopy of two-level systems in superconducting qubits

Joaquin Minguzzi·John Clai Owens·Oskar Painter·Matthew H. Matheny·Loren J. Swenson
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Abstract

An outstanding challenge in superconducting quantum circuits is mitigating loss from two-level system (TLS) defects. SWAP spectroscopy with flux-tunable qubits can detect individual TLSs, but the Rabi chevrons that signal coherent exchange have been observed only for the most strongly coupled defects. Here, we introduce a sequence with fast flux pulses only at state preparation and readout, switched off during the energy-relaxation delay for finer frequency resolution and longer interaction times. We detect Rabi chevrons at swap rates as low as 0.1 MHz, an order of magnitude lower than previously reported. In the dressed-state picture, we fit the coherent swap oscillations to extract the TLS energy-relaxation time. These Rabi chevrons reveal coherent TLSs with a median energy-relaxation time of 10 microseconds, at coupling strengths previously associated with incoherent TLSs. The swap coherence times exceed the qubit T2* limited by flux noise, indicating that the dressed gap protects them from low-frequency 1/f noise.

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Joaquin Minguzzi, John Clai Owens, Oskar Painter, Matthew H. Matheny, Loren J. Swenson. 2026-10-08. Sub-MHz SWAP spectroscopy of two-level systems in superconducting qubits. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.11125

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