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arXiv · 2610.17106

A Deficiency-Based Approach for Unbalanced Three-Phase Distribution System Expansion Planning

Eli Brock·Miguel Heleno·Javad Lavaei·Somayeh Sojoudi
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Abstract

Distribution planners typically characterize grid needs through power flow studies and fit upgrades to those needs by hand. More principled one-shot optimization methods either do not scale or misrepresent unbalanced three-phase networks. This paper proposes an iterative planning process that alternates between two problem classes with mature off-the-shelf solvers. An optimal power flow (OPF) problem quantifies the deficiency of a candidate portfolio by optimizing the dispatch of controllable devices and measuring thermal and voltage violations on a common scale, with an optimal value of zero exactly at adequate portfolios. The OPF multipliers give a first-order approximation of the relief each investment candidate would provide. We bound the error of this approximation and show that structural properties of the deficiency guard it against overestimation. Building on this property, a heuristic cutting-plane search uses a mixed-integer linear program to propose each next portfolio from these approximations. On six unbalanced three-phase feeders from the SMART-DS dataset, the search outperforms a linearized optimization-based benchmark, and the results agree across five variants of the deficiency.

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Eli Brock, Miguel Heleno, Javad Lavaei, Somayeh Sojoudi. 2026-10-12. A Deficiency-Based Approach for Unbalanced Three-Phase Distribution System Expansion Planning. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.17106

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