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arXiv · 2610.18641

HILO: Enabling Low-power, Dual-Band Communication using Tunnel Diode Oscillators

Dhairya Shah·Rajashekar Reddy Chinthalapani·Pramuka Sooriya Patabandige·Ambuj Varshney
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Abstract

Wireless communication remains the most power-consuming operation in embedded systems. Low-power transmitters such as backscatter achieve microwatt-scale operation but produce weak signals susceptible to in-band interference and frequency-selective fading, particularly in non-line-of-sight settings. Multi-band transmission can mitigate these effects through spectral-domain redundancy rather than temporal-domain redundancy, improving reliability without sacrificing bitrate or latency. However, conventional multi-band radio transceivers require duplicated RF chains or power-hungry synthesizers. We introduce HILO, a tunnel diode-based frontend that enables dual-band operation from a single circuit. HILO inverts the conventional paradigm: rather than suppressing the harmonics inherent to tunnel diode nonlinearity, it harnesses them. An external device injection-locks the oscillator to a fundamental frequency, simultaneously stabilizing a higher harmonic and yielding two injection-locked carriers without a second oscillator or frequency multiplier. In transmit mode, HILO exploits self-oscillating mixing to modulate both carriers simultaneously; in receive mode, it uses autodyne downconversion at both frequencies. By turning an inherent nonlinearity into a feature, HILO achieves dual-band links while consuming under 210 $μ$W.

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Dhairya Shah, Rajashekar Reddy Chinthalapani, Pramuka Sooriya Patabandige, Ambuj Varshney. 2026-10-13. HILO: Enabling Low-power, Dual-Band Communication using Tunnel Diode Oscillators. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18641

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