AutoAgent0: An Agentic Runtime for Safe Closed-Loop Driving

Jiageng Liu; Seth Z. Zhao; Zewei Zhou; Alejandro Huerta; Aidan Bayer-Calvert; Yuxin Bao; Haotian Lin; Robert Spataru; Zijun Cui; Yining Hong; Bolei Zhou; Jiaqi Ma

arXiv · 2610.18866

AutoAgent0: An Agentic Runtime for Safe Closed-Loop Driving

Jiageng Liu·Seth Z. Zhao·Zewei Zhou·Alejandro Huerta·Aidan Bayer-Calvert·Yuxin Bao·Haotian Lin·Robert Spataru·Zijun Cui·Yining Hong·Bolei Zhou·Jiaqi Ma

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Abstract

Safe autonomous driving requires more than accurate planning at a single frame: it demands reliable closed-loop execution in dynamic environments. Although end-to-end driving policies have advanced rapidly, the accumulated closed-loop errors, especially in unseen scenarios, can push vehicles into states from which the same policy struggles to recover. We address the challenge by treating closed-loop driving safety as a test-time execution problem. We introduce AutoAgent0, an agentic runtime and harness framework that augments existing driving experts with complementary detection skills, rule-based action verification, and feedback-driven recovery. To address inaccurate scene perception, an independent detection module constructs scene context using complementary perception skills, and a rule-based verifier checks proposed trajectories against this context before execution. When the nominal trajectories are unreliable, the orchestrator of the runtime activates Recovery Planning, where an agentic loop constructs alternative action proposals from action primitives and iteratively refines them using verification feedback. This design combines independent scene assessment with feasibility checks and online recovery, addressing both perception errors and the limited recovery capabilities of individual experts. Evaluations on Fail2Drive and NavSafe-$\infty$ demonstrate improved closed-loop robustness over single-expert execution in long-tail and safety-critical scenarios. These results demonstrate that runtime supervision can improve closed-loop robustness across multiple driving experts without retraining the underlying policies.

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Jiageng Liu, Seth Z. Zhao, Zewei Zhou, Alejandro Huerta, Aidan Bayer-Calvert, Yuxin Bao, Haotian Lin, Robert Spataru, Zijun Cui, Yining Hong, Bolei Zhou, Jiaqi Ma. 2026-10-13. AutoAgent0: An Agentic Runtime for Safe Closed-Loop Driving. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18866

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