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arXiv · 2610.19735

MakSafe: A Spatiotemporal Semantic Framework for Formal Specification and Compliance Checking of Road Vehicle Safety Rules

Maksym Labzhaniia·Julien Deantoni·Marie-Agn{è}s Peraldi-Frati·Fr{é}d{é}ric Mallet
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Abstract

Scenario-based validation is essential for automated road vehicles but cannot cover the full variability of openworld traffic. We present MakSafe, a formal spatiotemporal framework for specifying and checking road vehicle safety rules through semantic zones, action-based forecasting, and trace-tree reasoning, avoiding uniform time discretization. We formalize the road network, vehicle states, and occupancy zones, then build executable rules for front-vehicle identification and timeto-collision (TTC) verification. The evaluation combines a tracedependent case study with a scalability benchmark over traffic density (N ), horizon (H), and branch factor (B). MakSafe yields branch-specific verdicts, deriving safe and unsafe outcomes from the same initial scene, and re-evaluates a scenario after a control update. A single rule check stays well below a millisecond across the reported sweep, and longer horizons slow the TTC check.

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Maksym Labzhaniia, Julien Deantoni, Marie-Agn{è}s Peraldi-Frati, Fr{é}d{é}ric Mallet. 2026-10-14. MakSafe: A Spatiotemporal Semantic Framework for Formal Specification and Compliance Checking of Road Vehicle Safety Rules. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.19735

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