Scaling Limits of Density Fluctuation Fields of the Symmetric Partial Exclusion Processes Approaching the Zero Range Process

Abstract

We study equilibrium fluctuations for the symmetric partial exclusion process (SPEP) on the one-dimensional integer lattice $\mathbb{Z}$, an interacting particle system in which each site is occupied by at most $α$ particles. We assume that the jump rate is decomposable and that the instantaneous current admits a gradient form. Our aim is to study the scaling limit of the density fluctuation field of the SPEP starting from an invariant measure and to derive the corresponding stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE). A distinctive feature of our setting is that the maximum number of particles per site depends on the scaling parameter $n$ as $α=α_n \propto n^a$ for some $a>0$, so that the model interpolates between the partial exclusion process ($α<\infty$) and the symmetric zero range process (SZRP, $α= \infty$). Under the diffusive rescaling in which the lattice spacing is $1/n$ and time is accelerated by a factor $n^2$, we prove that the density fluctuation field converges to the solution of the stochastic heat equation. The limiting SPDE coincides with the one obtained for the SZRP. A key ingredient in the proof is the convergence, under a suitable rescaling, of the partition function of the reversible measure of the SPEP to that of the SZRP. This convergence implies that expectations of a wide class of local functions under the reversible measure of the SPEP converge to the corresponding expectations under the reversible measure of the SZRP, and provides a rigorous sense in which the SPEP approximates the SZRP as $n\to\infty$.