Controller- and Communication-Aware Flexibility Margins for Electric Distribution Networks

Abstract

This paper develops a framework for quantifying operational flexibility in radial electric distribution systems under coupled active- and reactive-load uncertainty. Flexibility is defined as the largest scaling of a prescribed uncertainty set that can be accommodated while satisfying network and actuator limits under a given control architecture. We consider a one-sided Euclidean set for robust demand-growth capability, with a direct extension to bidirectional variations. Under LinDistFlow, controllable distributed resources and feeder-head exchange with the upstream grid jointly balance active-power disturbances, while local Volt/VAR feedback regulates reactive power. The resulting affine closed-loop disturbance response admits exact second-order-cone robust counterparts. For fixed Volt/VAR gains, a convex reformulation jointly optimizes the flexibility margin and active-power participation factors, including feeder-head participation. A sparse load-to-generator feedforward map further captures communication constraints. Numerical studies on the Iowa-240 feeder demonstrate how the amount of control authority and communication structure shape the achievable flexibility margin.