A Panoramic Network Overview of Shortcut Impact on Power Grids

Yunju Choi; Daekyung Lee; Heetae Kim

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arXiv · 2610.21157

A Panoramic Network Overview of Shortcut Impact on Power Grids

Yunju Choi·Daekyung Lee·Heetae Kim

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Abstract

Synchronization of coupled oscillators on complex networks underlies critical functions in natural and engineered systems, including power-grid operation. While synchronization stability on fixed network topologies has been studied extensively, less is known about how an added transmission link affects stability depending on where it is placed relative to generation and consumption. We address this question using simplified ring-network power-grid models in which producer and consumer nodes are spatially organized into clusters. Long-range transmission links, which we refer to as shortcuts, are added between non-adjacent nodes, and synchronization stability is quantified by basin stability in second-order coupled-oscillator dynamics. We compare shortcut placements across four scenarios varying network size, power allocation, power-injection heterogeneity, and producer--consumer arrangement. When producers and consumers form two spatially separated clusters, center-to-center shortcuts do not reduce the mean basin stability in the configurations examined and increase it by up to 75\% relative to the shortcut-less baseline. Peripheral shortcuts instead reduce mean basin stability by up to 28\% in some configurations despite the added connection, producing Braess-like degradation. In alternating multi-block networks, however, no single shortcut placement provides the same substantial enhancement, indicating that the center-to-center advantage does not directly generalize to more complex spatial arrangements. Representative time-domain simulations further show faster decay of frequency deviations for center-to-center than for peripheral shortcuts. These results demonstrate that the effect of added connectivity depends critically on where the new link is placed relative to the spatial organization of generation and consumption.

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Yunju Choi, Daekyung Lee, Heetae Kim. 2026-10-15. A Panoramic Network Overview of Shortcut Impact on Power Grids. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.21157

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