Edge state reconstruction in proximitized graphene and its probe using RKKY interaction

Abstract

Proximity induced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in graphene emerges when it is placed on a substrate, breaking sublattice symmetry and giving rise to staggered intrinsic SOC together with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. In zigzag graphene nanoribbons, this staggered SOC produces pseudohelical edge states exhibiting sublattice-locked rather than spin-locked helicity. We investigate the effect of a finite on-site potential, restricted to the edges of the ribbon, on these edge states. We find the inter-valley edge states undergo reconstruction and become purely intra-valley, exhibiting both spin and valley polarization. The charge conductance calculations fail to capture this reconstruction, since the number of transmitted channels remains unchanged. We show that the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) magnetic exchange interaction, between two magnetic impurities situated on the ribbon edge can be used to probe the shifted band dispersion, for both the uniform and staggered spin-orbit coupling. In the presence of strong intrinsic and Rashba SOC, the RKKY interaction becomes fully anisotropic. Both sublattice staggering and edge potential-induced reconstruction lead to distinct features in the RKKY interaction. We show that the RKKY interaction terms acquire faster oscillations as a function of the spatial separation between two magnetic impurities, in response to the edge state reconstruction, establishing it as an effective probe of the edge states. Additionally, the significant mismatch in the amplitudes of the DM term corresponding to the uniform and staggered SOC, can also act as a probe of the type of SOC.