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arXiv · 2610.22012

Influence of numerical domain design in simulations of solar coronal heating with the MAGEC code

Anamaría Navarro·E. Khomenko·T. Felipe·S. J. González Manrique
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Abstract

Numerical simulations are essential for studying the solar atmosphere, especially in the context of the coronal heating problem. Understanding how numerical factors and boundary conditions (BC) influence the energetic structure of these models is crucial for unraveling coronal heating mechanisms. We investigate how the computational domain dimensions, upper BC, and vertical grid resolution influence the relaxed thermal structure, energetics, and long-term stability of 2D solar atmosphere simulations with a vertical magnetic field. Using the MAGEC code, we conducted parametric studies varying domain width and height, vertical grid stretching, and top BC, including hot-plate, closed, unrestricted temperature, background heating, and non-reflecting characteristic configurations. We evaluated average temperature profiles for parameter dependence and temporal stability, and analyzed the energetic budget as a function of height, isolating contributions from radiative losses, thermal conduction, pressure work, and internal energy flux. Models with larger vertical domains show higher average coronal temperatures and steeper transition region gradients. Among the less artificial BC, non-reflecting characteristics most effectively delay coronal cooling. We determined the threshold height at which a dynamic top BC can mimic fixed-temperature setups, and established the maximum allowable grid stretching that preserves physical accuracy while reducing computational costs. The energetic terms change significantly with the chosen BC, with specific mechanisms acting as cooling agents in different atmospheric layers. Our results demonstrate that domain height, vertical grid design, and BC critically dictate the relaxed thermal structure and energetic balance of the simulated solar atmosphere.

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Anamaría Navarro, E. Khomenko, T. Felipe, S. J. González Manrique. 2026-10-15. Influence of numerical domain design in simulations of solar coronal heating with the MAGEC code. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361%2F202659530

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