MUB: An Identity-Masked Benchmark for Music Understanding in Multimodal Language Models

Abstract

Evaluating musical perception in multimodal language models requires separating audio evidence from answers recoverable through metadata or external tools. We present the Music Understanding Benchmark (MUB), a locally assembled collection of 500 identity-masked recordings with existing annotations for tempo, key, time signature, and structural intervals. The collection covers all 24 major/minor key combinations, tempos of 47--180 beats per minute, and 4,676 annotated intervals. Original titles, artists, and platform identifiers are excluded from evaluation inputs. Relative to recent music question-answering and temporal-grounding work, MUB emphasizes scalar tempo prediction and full-recording interval outputs, together with a documented metadata-masking protocol. Saved baseline predictions yield 53.6\% tempo accuracy for a simple DSP estimator and 98.4\% time-signature accuracy for a constant 4/4 predictor. We identify important limitations, including an asymmetric legacy key metric, unverified independent annotation agreement, extreme metre imbalance, and unresolved recording-level rights clearance. No contemporary multimodal language model comparison has yet been completed. MUB is therefore an evaluation resource and protocol under validation, rather than a completed demonstration of model capabilities.