Endpoint Lorentz Inequality for Riesz Potentials with Respect to General Measures

Abstract

Let $n\ge2$, $α\in(0,n)$, and $μ$ be a locally finite nonnegative Borel measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$. We prove that, for any $f\in C_{\rm c}^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n)$, \begin{align*} \|I_αf\|_{L^{\frac{n}{n-α},1}(μ)} \le C_{n,α} \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} |Rf(x)|[Mμ(x)]^{1-\fracα{n}}\,dx, \end{align*} where $I_α$ is the Riesz potential, $R$ is the Riesz transform, $Mμ$ is the Hardy--Littlewood maximal function of $μ$, and $C_{n,α}$ is a positive constant depending only on $n$ and $α$. This answers a question posed by Bortz, Moen, Olivo, Pérez, and Rela, with the case $α=1$ already known, and extends Spector's optimal unweighted Lorentz inequality to general measures. As applications, we obtain a Lorentz estimate for curl-free vector fields, Sobolev--Lorentz and Hardy inequalities with respect to general measures, and an $A_1$-weighted Lorentz estimate with a sharp exponent of the $A_1$ characteristic.