arXiv2026
We introduce an original notion of (upper) extra-fine sheaf on a topological space, for which Čech cohomology in strictly positive degree vanishes. We apply this notion when the topological space is a partially ordered set (poset) equipped with the Alexandroff topology and the sheaves are made of duals of decomposable functors of vector spaces. The decomposition of the functor is known as interaction decomposition and can be expressed by a novel sum-intersection condition. We use these results to compute the dimension of the space of global sections when the sheaves are derived from those freely generated over a presheaf (of finite sets); this generalizes and makes topological classical counting formulae for the number of solutions of the linearized marginal problem (Kellerer and Matúš). We finish with a comparison theorem between the Čech cohomology associated to a covering and the topos cohomology of the poset with coefficients in the presheaf, which is also the cohomology of a cosimplicial local system over the nerve of the poset. For that, we give a detailed treatment of cosimplicial local systems on simplicial sets. The appendixes present presheaves, sheaves relative Čech cohomology, and their application to the marginal problem.