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arXiv · 2610.24654

Rovibrational dynamics in strongly-coupled gas-phase methane

Jane C. Nelson·Trevor H. Wright·Madeline Rohde·Neo Lin·Marissa L. Weichman
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Abstract

Polaritons, the hybrid light-matter states formed when molecular transitions are strongly coupled to an optical cavity mode, appear to alter chemical dynamics, reactivity, and photophysics, though the mechanisms and reproducibility of these effects remain hotly debated. Nearly all reports in polariton chemistry rest on spectroscopic measurements of optical cavity transmission. Interpretation of these experiments therefore relies on understanding the linear and nonlinear spectroscopy of strongly-coupled systems. Working in the gas phase can dramatically simplify spectroscopic observables, as the intermolecular and environmental interactions that complicate the response of condensed-phase systems can be minimized. Our prior work introduced a platform for gas-phase molecular polaritons and demonstrated that linear cavity transmission spectra in the strong coupling regime are well described with classical Fabry-Pérot cavity physics. Here, we extend this platform to the nonlinear spectroscopy of cavity-coupled rovibrational transitions of methane. We monitor transient changes in the cavity transmission spectrum following optical pumping of intracavity molecules via an axis orthogonal to the longitudinal cavity axis. We find that the classical Fabry-Pérot cavity treatment quantitatively reproduces our transient spectra and allows for extraction of the collisional relaxation and transport timescales of intracavity molecules. We observe no difference in the dynamics of strongly-coupled methane versus free-space, non-cavity control experiments. This effort connects our gas-phase work to the much larger body of transient condensed-phase polariton spectroscopy and represents a step towards predictive understanding of molecular dynamics under strong coupling.

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Jane C. Nelson, Trevor H. Wright, Madeline Rohde, Neo Lin, Marissa L. Weichman. 2026-10-17. Rovibrational dynamics in strongly-coupled gas-phase methane. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.24654

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