Boosting fluorescence and polarization with nanophotonics for single-molecule chiral sensing

Ershad Mohammadi; T. V. Raziman; Alberto G. Curto

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arXiv · 2610.24746

Boosting fluorescence and polarization with nanophotonics for single-molecule chiral sensing

Ershad Mohammadi·T. V. Raziman·Alberto G. Curto

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Abstract

Detecting chirality is essential in chemistry and biomedicine. Circular dichroism identifies chiral molecules through their differential absorption of circularly polarized light. However, its sensitivity is limited by vanishing absorption at low concentrations. Fluorescence-based methods have already enabled other optical techniques to reach the single-molecule limit and could, in principle, also extend chiral detection to reach this sensitivity regime. They are marred, however, by the combination of weak fluorescence signals and low polarization contrast. To overcome these limitations, we leverage high-index dielectric nanophotonics to simultaneously enhance both fluorescence and polarization for chiral sensing. We propose a reciprocity-based analytical framework for a chiral dipolar emitter coupled to a nanoantenna and reveal the different contributions and trade-offs governing the enhancement of circularly polarized fluorescence. Guided by this insight, we tailor achiral dielectric nanostructures to reach a 1000-fold enhancement of fluorescence intensity together with a 10-fold increase in polarization. Crucially, we show that accounting for extrinsic polarization effects in the angular emission patterns of nanophotonic structures is indispensable for reliable enantiomer discrimination. Our approach opens a realistic path for single-molecule chiral sensing.

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Ershad Mohammadi, T. V. Raziman, Alberto G. Curto. 2026-10-17. Boosting fluorescence and polarization with nanophotonics for single-molecule chiral sensing. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.24746

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