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arXiv · 2610.26353

Signal Design Impacts on GNSS and LEO-PNT L1 Band Acquisition Complexity: A Case Study with Xona Pulsar

Jérôme Leclère·Rajnesh Joshi·Thyagaraja Marathe·Tyler G. R. Reid
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Abstract

GNSS signal acquisition is the process of detecting and estimating signal parameters by exploiting correlation operations that provide processing gain and enable the detection of signals below the noise floor. The design of an acquisition engine requires balancing achievable sensitivity, computational complexity, memory requirements, power consumption, and implementation complexity. In particular, increasing coherent and non-coherent integration times improves sensitivity but can significantly increase receiver processing requirements, limiting its applicability in low-power and resource-constrained receivers. This paper presents a comparative analysis of L1-band signal acquisition complexity by evaluating the required integration time and corresponding implementation requirements for different signal designs under equivalent acquisition performance targets. The analysis considers the impact of signal characteristics, including spreading codes, secondary codes, modulation, and signal bandwidth, on coherent and non-coherent acquisition performance. For a given attenuation level and target probability of false alarm and detection, the required integration times are derived and translated into acquisition complexity metrics, including arithmetic operations, processing time, and memory requirements. The analysis is applied to Pulsar X1, a LEO-enabled PNT signal, and representative GNSS L1 signals to determine under which attenuation, assistance, and integration conditions the higher received power of LEO-PNT translates into reduced receiver acquisition workload. By relating the required integration to arithmetic operations, processing time, and memory requirements, the study provides a receiver-level comparison relevant to both conventional and snapshot-based receivers, where reducing acquisition processing can directly contribute to lower energy consumption.

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Jérôme Leclère, Rajnesh Joshi, Thyagaraja Marathe, Tyler G. R. Reid. 2026-10-19. Signal Design Impacts on GNSS and LEO-PNT L1 Band Acquisition Complexity: A Case Study with Xona Pulsar. https://doi.org/10.33012/2026.20902

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