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arXiv · 2610.28014

Two-Component Dark Matter and Strongly First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition via a Two-Step Mechanism in the Inert Doublet plus Real Singlet Model

Deeksha Dattaram Naik·Arnab Chaudhuri
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Abstract

We study a two-component dark matter model in which a real singlet scalar and an inert doublet scalar are simultaneously present alongside the Standard Model, each stabilized by an independent discrete symmetry. The real singlet undergoes a strong first-order transition at high temperature, establishing an intermediate phase with a non-zero singlet vacuum expectation value, which in turn generates the barrier required for the Higgs field to complete a strongly first-order electroweak transition at a lower temperature. This two-step mechanism naturally enforces the condition $v_c/T_c \geq 1$, the sphaleron washout-avoidance criterion necessary for electroweak baryogenesis. The gravitational wave spectrum from both steps is computed; the second step produces a decihertz signal, peaking near $0.08$--$0.34~\mathrm{Hz}$ across the viable parameter space and $0.14$--$0.22~\mathrm{Hz}$ at the benchmark points, that reaches the sensitivity of DECIGO for the strongest transitions and of BBO more widely, while the first remains sub-threshold for all planned detectors. At the coupling values required to drive the phase transition, the singlet is generically underabundant as a thermal relic, so the inert doublet carries the dominant fraction of the observed relic density. Confronting the model with current constraints, we find that the LUX-ZEPLIN 2024 result excludes the entire electroweak-phase-transition-viable parameter space of the singlet sector across the full mass range, even after rescaling by the singlet relic fraction, establishing a complete no-go for the singlet as a viable thermal dark matter candidate in this framework.

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Deeksha Dattaram Naik, Arnab Chaudhuri. 2026-10-20. Two-Component Dark Matter and Strongly First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition via a Two-Step Mechanism in the Inert Doublet plus Real Singlet Model. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.28014

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