A Learned Musical-Time Coordinate for Piano Audio-to-Score Transcription

Abstract

End-to-end piano audio-to-score (A2S) transcription is the task of reconstructing a notated score from an audio recording in a single system. Existing A2S approaches usually rely on pre-segmented excerpts, and few handle whole pieces without external segmentation. This raises the question of whether a musical-time coordinate can guide score transcription while also helping the system segment whole pieces. Previous work on jazz saxophone A2S uses an external beat tracker to obtain such a coordinate for score prediction. We introduce downbeat phase, a musical-time coordinate learned jointly with score transcription that represents each audio frame's relative position within a notated bar. With this coordinate, our system can not only condition its score decoder on downbeat phase but also self-segment at bar boundaries and stitch the segments into a whole piece. Evaluation suggests that the coordinate improves metrical structure and supports whole-piece transcription with comparable notation quality.