Probing quasiperiodic spectral accessibility with a finite-rate quantum Otto cycle

Abstract

Quasiperiodic systems combine sharply different spectral and localisation regimes with a dense hierarchy of dynamical time scales. We show that a finite-rate quantum Otto cycle can use this structure as a thermodynamic probe, revealing which parts of the spectrum become dynamically accessible and thermodynamically relevant during a driven transformation. For a generalised Aubry-André-Harper chain, the resulting response is not determined by the static quasiperiodic regime alone: extended, near-critical, and crossing protocols do not exhibit universal ordering of work fluctuations. Instead, the statistics reflect transition pathways that are simultaneously dynamically coupled, thermally occupied, and energetically significant. The same spectral accessibility separates thermodynamic recovery from microscopic adiabatic recovery. Positive mean work can reappear while the population transfer dynamics remain strongly nonadiabatic because finite-rate population transfer is redistributed toward energetically less costly channels rather than suppressed. The full work distribution reveals a further separation, with a finite rate window in which positive-work cycles form a majority although the mean work remains negative. This behaviour persists in finite-size analysis. A thermally weighted spectral susceptibility connects these effects to a distributed hierarchy of dynamically active spectral regions rather than to a single minimum-gap bottleneck. Finite thermal contacts preserve this picture while introducing a second time scale and intercycle memory. Quantum Otto cycles can therefore provide a fluctuation-resolved thermodynamic probe of quasiperiodic spectral accessibility, complementary to direct spectroscopic and eigenstate-resolved diagnostics.