Non-equilibrium density fluctuations for the stirring process with weak boundary dynamics

Abstract

We consider the one-dimensional stirring process on the segment $\{-N,\ldots,N\}$, coupled to boundary dynamics that inject particles from the right reservoir and remove particles from the left reservoir, each acting on a window of size $K$. We investigate the non-equilibrium fluctuations of the system, starting from a product measure associated with a smooth initial profile. The limit Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is given in terms of the Laplacian and gradient operators acting on test functions satisfying time-dependent Robin boundary conditions that are obtained by linearizing the boundary conditions in the hydrodynamic equation. A central ingredient in our analysis is the derivation of sharp bounds on the space and space-time $v$-functions of arbitrary degree for the centered occupation variables; these bounds were proved in the companion article \cite{birmpa2025nonequilibriumfluctuationsstirringprocess}.