Long-Baseline Phase-Coherent Microwave Reception Using Rydberg Atoms

Darmindra Arumugam; Brook Feyissa

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arXiv · 2610.33552

Long-Baseline Phase-Coherent Microwave Reception Using Rydberg Atoms

Darmindra Arumugam·Brook Feyissa

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Abstract

A long baseline phase-coherent microwave receiver is demonstrated using a remotely interrogated cesium Rydberg atom sensor over an 8 m free-space optical link. A 3.989 GHz local oscillator (LO) is intensity-modulated onto an 852 nm optical probe and recovered remotely for atomic superheterodyne detection. A 509 nm coupling laser establishes a Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system addressing the 6S1/2 to 6P3/2 to 56D5/2 ladder, with microwave coupling to 57P3/2. A test signal offset by 5 kHz generates an optically detected intermediate-frequency (IF) response returned to the reference station for centralized coherent acquisition. This eliminates independent remote oscillators, electronic IF acquisition, and distributed clock synchronization. Over 10 min, the differential phase between remote and local reference exhibits a standard deviation of 0.476 deg and a minimum overlapping phase Allan deviation of 0.048 deg at approximately 200 s averaging. Following optical-link interruption, the differential phase recovers without recalibration, with a measured pre- and post-interruption difference of 0.01 deg. These results demonstrate phase coherent remotely interrogated atomic microwave reception with reduced instrumentation, supporting future distributed interferometry, multistatic radar, and coherent sensor arrays.

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Darmindra Arumugam, Brook Feyissa. 2026-10-24. Long-Baseline Phase-Coherent Microwave Reception Using Rydberg Atoms. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.33552

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