Search arXiv⌕ Search

arXiv · 2610.34331

Finite-Distance Imaging of Relativistic Equilibrium Tori around Genuine Kerr--Bertotti--Robinson Black Holes

Abstract

We calculate finite-distance images of stationary, pressure-supported tori around genuine, electrically neutral Kerr--Bertotti--Robinson black holes using general relativistic ray tracing with gray emission and absorption. The emitting volume is bounded by a constant-specific-angular-momentum equilibrium free surface, and the observer is placed at a radius of $50M$. Along the investigated external-field sequence, integrated brightness and apparent size both increase strongly as the field modifies the equilibrium source and photon propagation. Higher torus filling has a different effect: in a representative sequence, brightness grows by a factor of $5.9$ while the intensity-weighted image size increases by only $10\%$. Increasing viewing inclination enhances lateral brightness contrast. Stronger self-absorption can coexist with higher absolute brightness because emission and absorption scale together in the adopted gray prescription. At common pressure center and filling, increasing the dimensionless spin from $0.5$ to $0.95$ dims the retrograde sequence by a factor of about $7$ as its equilibrium contracts, whereas prograde brightness changes by only $2\%$. These contrasting responses show how the equilibrium boundary, fluid motion, and optical depth jointly shape the brightness, scale, and asymmetry of finite-distance torus images.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Hao-Peng Yan, Xiang-Qian Li, Xiao-Jun Yue. 2026-10-25. Finite-Distance Imaging of Relativistic Equilibrium Tori around Genuine Kerr--Bertotti--Robinson Black Holes. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.34331

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

Ringdown and echoes from compact objects: Debye series and Debye quasinormal modes

We introduce a new series decomposition of the waveform constructed in the spirit of Debye expansions in scattering theory, and we use this to analyse the time-domain response of compact, horizonless bodies to scalar-field perturbations on curved spacetimes. The Debye decomposition separates out direct exterior propagation, surface reflection, and successive transmissions through the interior of a compact body, and it provides an intuitive interpretation of the waveform in terms of geodesic trajectories. By analysing the quasinormal-mode (QNM) content of individual Debye terms, we set out a Debye-QNM description that is complementary to the standard QNM description. With this framework, we examine a scalar field propagating on two illustrative `Schwarzschild star' compact-body spacetimes: a neutron-star-like model $R>3M$ and an ultracompact object $R<3M$. We show that the closed-form Debye reconstruction matches well with the exact waveform, and that it converges even at early times, giving an accurate description of all waveform features including the prompt response. In the neutron-star case, the low-order Debye terms mainly describe the ringdown and a non-modal component associated with the sub-threshold branch cut. In the ultracompact case, the Debye series organizes the waveform into a prompt/ringdown contribution followed by a succession of echo-like wavepackets. The new Debye-QNM expansion and the standard QNM expansion have complementary spectral interpretations: the former identifies modes in individual propagation channels, whereas the latter describes collective resonances that are resummations of the former. This distinction clarifies how echo-like structures emerge from repeated interior propagation, and how pole and branch-cut contributions enter the time-domain signal.

gr-qc↗

Testing Conformal Weyl Gravity with Plasma Modified Black Hole Shadows and EHT Constraints

We study the shadows of a charged rotating de Sitter solution in fourth order conformal Weyl gravity (CWG) immersed in plasma and analyze the joint charge-plasma constraints. Our main goal is to distinguish observational effects caused by the dispersive plasma environment from those caused by the underlying gravitational theory. Within a separable Hamilton-Jacobi plasma model, we derive the radial and angular photon potentials, the equatorial finite-distance deflection angle, and the finite-observer shadow boundary due to the asymptotically non-flat nature of the CWG spacetime. Our results separate two effects. Increasing the plasma strength generally reduces the shadow radius, the signed deflection angle, and the energy emission peak in both CWG and GR. Charge ($q$) produces a stronger theory dependence: for the representative parameters studied, increasing $q$ enlarges the CWG shadow but reduces the GR shadow. The lensing behavior independently supports the geometry-dependent response found from the photon region and shadow observables. We further compare the finite observer dimensionless shadow radius with EHT-inferred size intervals for Sgr~A$^*$ and M87$^*$. Our results indicate that plasma effects can mimic part of the shadow size shift, but the distinct charge response of CWG offers a potential observational route for separating conformal gravity signatures from environmental propagation effects.

gr-qc↗

Reconstruction of the Riemann tensor from causal order and element counts

A causal set is a locally finite partially ordered set. Causal set theory proposes such discrete structures as a basis for spacetime physics. Connecting this description with continuum physics requires recovering the geometric quantities used in general relativity and controlling the errors introduced by discreteness. Here, with dimension and sampling density specified, we construct approximate normal coordinates, estimate parallel transport, and recover the full Riemann tensor from causal order and element counts. For samples embedded in a fixed smooth spacetime and satisfying stated uniform counting assumptions, we prove a uniform curvature error bound that tends to zero as the sampling density increases.

gr-qc↗