Analysis of C-point and V-point Inhomogeneous Vector Beams Stability under Anisotropic Turbulence in Ground-to-Air Transmission

Abstract

In the present work, we explore the impact of anisotropic turbulence on the propagation characteristics of polarization singular LG and circular Airy vector beams along vertical, oblique, and horizontal transmission configurations. The influence of altitude-dependent turbulence anisotropy on beam evolution is assessed through changes in intensity distribution and degradation of spatial structure. Polarization characteristics of the propagated fields exhibiting C-point and V-point polarization singularities are quantified using the Stokes parameter framework, from which the degree of polarization is derived based on ensemble-averaged electric field correlations. To further interpret polarization dynamics, the corresponding Stokes vectors are mapped onto the higher order Poincaré sphere, providing a geometric visualization of turbulence-driven depolarization and polarization state dispersion. Numerical simulations have shown that the anisotropy of turbulence significantly enhances the polarization instability. Horizontal and slant-path propagations suffer stronger depolarization and polarization-state diffusion than vertical propagation. These results demonstrate the importance of vectorial polarization analysis in describing the propagation of a structured beam in real atmospheric environments. Overall, C-point polarization singularities of circular Airy vector beams are found to be the most resistant to turbulence-induced intensity fluctuation and polarization degradation in anisotropic atmospheric conditions.