Finite-temperature Quantum Quasinormal Mode Theory for Spatiotemporally-resolved Dissipative Cavity Quantum Magnonics

Abstract

Cavity quantum magnonics has ushered in an unprecedented era of hybrid light-matter interfaces in which microwave photons, collective spin excitations, and superconducting or spin qubits can be coupled within a single device architecture, facilitating a versatile platform for quantum information processing. Realizing their full potential, however, requires a theory that can treat non-reciprocal magnetic media, material dissipation and open-cavity radiation losses, as well as finite-temperature fluctuations rigorously and without significant approximation. The dissipative magnonic resonances of such systems are described as quasinormal modes (QNMs), yet a consistent quantization procedure for lossy gyrotropic resonators has remained elusive. In this work, we present a finite-temperature quantum QNM theory, based on macroscopic quantum electrodynamics for non-reciprocal media and complex coordinate transformations, that achieves QNM quantization for a wide class of spatially inhomogeneous, dissipative and dispersive, cavity magnonic systems. We demonstrate the predictive capabilities of our theory via applications to hybrid dielectric-magnonic resonators interacting with both spin and superconducting qubits, evidencing modal interference effects, a continuous transition from coherent to dissipative coupling, spatiotemporal quantum field dynamics, and magnon-mediated qubit synchronization, at both zero and finite temperatures. By addressing the intricacies of modal loss and non-reciprocity in a fully quantum theory of cavity magnonics, our approach enables the quantitative design of hybrid quantum devices that operate under realistic open-system and thermal conditions, without recourse to ad hoc quantization schemes.