Episodic Plasma Flows and Coronal Brightenings in an Arch Filament System Observed with SUNRISE III

Abstract

Emerging flux regions (EFRs) transport magnetic flux and release energy in the solar atmosphere, often hosting arch filament systems (AFSs). We present high-resolution observations of an EFR obtained with Sunrise III, combining the Tunable Magnetograph (TuMag), the Sunrise Chromospheric Infrared Spectro-Polarimeter (SCIP), and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The dataset follows an AFS continuously for nearly four hours. Line-of-sight (LOS) velocities derived from the Mg I b$_2$ line reveal three episodic plasma-flow events, with downflows reaching approximately 17 km s$^{-1}$ at the footpoints and enhanced upflows near the loop tops. Although this pattern agrees with the classical emergence and draining scenario, the strongest upflows and downflows occur nearly simultaneously. Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) observations at 304 and 171 Angstrom reveal transient extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) brightenings in the surrounding emerging system. Some occur during enhanced-flow episodes, while others do not, indicating that the temporal correspondence is not systematic. Multiline spectropolarimetric inversions reveal temperatures between approximately 4000 and 10,000 K and a smooth variation of magnetic field inclination along a representative AFS loop. Non-force-free-field extrapolations provide the large-scale magnetic context of the low-lying AFS loops and surrounding coronal structures. Together, the observations reveal a spatially and temporally complex evolution without establishing a direct causal connection between local plasma-flow enhancements and EUV brightenings.