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arXiv · 2610.38759

Sharp global stability for the hard-sphere Boltzmann equation near equilibrium

Xuwen Chen·Shunlin Shen·Zhifei Zhang
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Abstract

We study the hard-sphere Boltzmann equation near a global Maxwellian and have found the bifurcation between the stability and instability in $H_{x}^{s}$ Sobolev space. We prove a strong-weak type instability result in the $s<1$ regularity regime, and establish the global stability under the regularity $s>1$ via the interplay between the dissipation and dispersive effects. In this intricate competition of dispersion, dissipation, large-velocity growth, and the asymmetric nature of the gain and loss terms, we prove that the instability is jointly generated by the dispersive effect and the loss term structure. To reach the sharp regularity for the global stability, we incorporate the dispersive effect into the dissipative energy framework for the analysis near equilibrium. This hence concludes sharp threshold and provides a complete characterization of global well-posedness near equilibrium.

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Xuwen Chen, Shunlin Shen, Zhifei Zhang. 2026-10-28. Sharp global stability for the hard-sphere Boltzmann equation near equilibrium. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38759

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