Suppression of the Benjamin-Feir instability by constant vorticity

Bowen Chen; Huy Q. Nguyen

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arXiv · 2610.39000

Suppression of the Benjamin-Feir instability by constant vorticity

Bowen Chen·Huy Q. Nguyen

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Abstract

We study the effect of constant vorticity on the Benjamin-Feir instability of small-amplitude Stokes waves in infinite depth. Working with the full water-wave equations, we rigorously establish a transition between modulational instability and stability as the vorticity crosses a critical value. We consider right-propagating waves with constant vorticity $γ$, associated with the background shear current $-γy\mathbf e_x$, and normalize the gravitational acceleration and carrier wavenumber to one. For each fixed $γ<2/\sqrt{3}$, we prove that sufficiently small-amplitude Stokes waves are Benjamin-Feir unstable. For each fixed $γ>2/\sqrt{3}$, these waves are spectrally stable with respect to longitudinal, long-wavelength perturbations. These results rigorously confirm, away from the critical value, the stability transition predicted by the formal nonlinear Schrödinger approximation of Thomas, Kharif, and Manna.

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Bowen Chen, Huy Q. Nguyen. 2026-10-28. Suppression of the Benjamin-Feir instability by constant vorticity. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.39000

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