Linking a 152 GeV diphoton excess to dark matter and gravitational waves in the singlet-extended 2HDM

Abstract

We investigate the diphoton excesses near $152~\mathrm{GeV}$ accompanied by missing transverse momentum (MET) in the Type-I two-Higgs-doublet model extended by a complex scalar singlet, whose imaginary component serves as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter (DM) candidate $χ$. The signal arises from the cascade process $gg\to h_3\to h_2h_2\toγγχχ$, where $h_2$ is the scalar resonance near $152~\mathrm{GeV}$ and $h_3$ is a heavier CP-even scalar. After imposing the theoretical and experimental constraints, we identify parameter regions that accommodate at least one of the Low-MET and High-MET excesses within $1σ$ and simultaneously reproduce the observed DM relic density within an assumed $10\%$ theoretical uncertainty. A subset of these samples supports first-order electroweak phase transitions with substantial supercooling. For a three-year observation, selected samples yield gravitational-wave signals with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) above $10$ at LISA, TianQin, DECIGO, and BBO. A representative benchmark that accommodates both excesses within their respective $1σ$ intervals and satisfies the relic-density requirement yields a three-year BBO SNR of approximately $173$.