Unlocking with the Heart: Investigating User Perceptions of ECG-Based Biometric Authentication

Abstract

Password-based authentication remains challenging for many users, especially for those who face usability and accessibility issues. The burden of maintaining security can cause user fatigue, frustration and non-engagement. To address these issues, we conducted a pilot study to assess ECG-based biometric authentication as a passwordless alternative and to gather adult participants' perspectives on this approach. The research consisted of a survey study, an authentication prototype and a follow-up usability experience questionnaire. Our approach combined an online survey of 337 adults examining authentication practices and perceptions, with a separate usability evaluation in which 49 participants interacted with a simulated ECG-authentication and password interface in a health-care application prototype, then completed a post-test usability test questionnaire. The survey examined how adults across age groups use and perceive various authentication techniques, their experiences with biometrics, their views on security and convenience, and their willingness to adopt ECG authentication. In parallel, the usability prototype and questionnaire captured participants' responses after hands-on interaction with an ECG authentication prototype.