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arXiv · 2610.39173

Stable Electroweak Strings and Nambu Monopoles Nested at Inert-Higgs Interfaces

Muneto Nitta
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Abstract

Electroweak $Z$ strings are generally unstable, and their Nambu-monopole endpoints lack topological protection in the bulk. Using degenerate inert and inert-like Higgs vacua as a solvable reference, we show that their interface supports both defects. The analytic interface carries a normalizable $SU(2)$ relative-orientation field. Its effective theory supports locally stable unit-flux $Z$ strings in a one-vacuum phase and fractional $Z$ strings in a two-vacuum phase. The fractional string carries an $S^2$ orientation field; a Nambu monopole is a second kink between symmetry-related, equal-tension $Z$ strings. We identify phases in which Nambu monopoles are confined or deconfined within the interface: in the confined phase, their $Z$ flux is concentrated into fractional strings, whereas in the deconfined phase, the monopole becomes a vortex within the interface and its $Z$ flux spreads radially through the interface. The electromagnetic magnetic field extends outside the interface in both phases. We determine analytic string profiles, effective-theory stability regions, and the unchanged electromagnetic magnetic charge across this confinement transition.

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Muneto Nitta. 2026-10-29. Stable Electroweak Strings and Nambu Monopoles Nested at Inert-Higgs Interfaces. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.39173

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