Euler--Lagrange Flow Monotonicity for the Radon Transform

Abstract

We present a new gradient-like flow that targets critical points of the inequality for the planar Radon transform $\mathcal{R}$ proven by Oberlin and Stein, partially answering a question of Christ, who gave a complete characterisation of the extremisers of the inequality via rearrangement methods. We show that for non-negative radial initial data near the extremiser manifold, solutions to the flow exist globally and there exists a rescaled subsequence of the flow that converges to a critical point of the Radon functional $\|\mathcal{R} f\|_3/\|f\|_{3/2}$ locally in $L^{3/2}(\mathbb{R}^2)$. We also obtain a quantitative result for the rate of decay of critical points, which complements a result of Christ arXiv:1106.0719 in the special case of radial functions. We prove a novel localised smoothing estimate for the operator $\mathcal{R}^*[(\mathcal{R}\cdot)^2]$ restricted to radial functions. This approach is complementary to that of Christ and provides a robust framework for studying extremal problems associated to Radon-like operators.