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arXiv · 2610.39819

Modeling and Parametrization of Large-scale Hydrogen Electrolyzers for Transient and Frequency Stability Analysis

Mahmoud K. Abdelhamid·Lukas Sigrist·Álvaro Ortega
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Abstract

Hydrogen Electrolyzers (HEs), particularly Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)-based systems, are flexible loads capable of providing grid ancillary services and enhancing the stability of renewable-dominated power systems due to their fast electrical response. However, the literature often lacks clear guidance on the structure, modeling, and parametrization of large-scale HEs for transient and frequency stability analyses. This paper presents a detailed configuration for utility-scale HE plants, using the stack as the fundamental unit, supported by a realistic parametrization based on commercial components. Furthermore, this work extends the Generalized ESS Model (GEM), a linearized state-space model previously utilized with other converter-interfaced energy storage systems, to PEM HEs for the first time. To facilitate plant scalability, a robust method for scaling GEM matrices across different capacities is proposed. Finally, a measurement-based methodology is developed to estimate the GEM parameters and subsequently extract the equivalent electrical circuit parameters. Comprehensive simulations on the WSCC system under various disturbances validate the accuracy of the derived GEM, the effectiveness of the scaling approach, and the robustness of the parameter identification methodology.

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Mahmoud K. Abdelhamid, Lukas Sigrist, Álvaro Ortega. 2026-10-29. Modeling and Parametrization of Large-scale Hydrogen Electrolyzers for Transient and Frequency Stability Analysis. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.39819

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