Local $Tb$ theorems in non-homogeneous metric spaces, and applications to caloric measure

Abstract

We prove a local $Tb$ theorem with testing conditions on metric balls, for possibly non-doubling measures of polynomial growth on geometrically doubling metric spaces. It resolves the maximal-truncation version of Hofmann's local $Tb$ problem for all $1<p,q\leq\infty$, without assuming antisymmetry of the Calderón-Zygmund kernel. Our theorem allows accretive systems of complex testing measures satisfying a quantitative small-set condition; these measures need not be absolutely continuous with respect to the underlying measure. Testing requires only a one-level $L^0$ bound for maximal truncations, with an alternative for balls on which the underlying measure concentrates in a set of small relative diameter. We also remove antisymmetry from the known buffered and unbuffered fixed-truncation criteria. The proof combines a mixed corona decomposition adapted to the two testing systems with two-measure $L^2$ estimates for suppressed operators. As an application in the parabolic space $\mathbb P^n$, local time-directed $A_\infty$-type conditions on caloric and adjoint caloric measure imply $L^2(σ)$-boundedness of the spatial gradient of the heat single layer potential for boundary measures $σ$ with upper parabolic $(n+1)$-growth. This gives a parabolic counterpart of the harmonic-measure theorem of Mourgoglou and Tolsa without Ahlfors regularity, corkscrew or Harnack chain assumptions.