A Mixed $H_{\infty}$--Passivity Approach for Leveraging Heat-Pump-Connected District Heating Systems as Frequency Support in Electric Power Systems

Xinyi Yi; Ioannis Lestas

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arXiv · 2610.40955

A Mixed $H_{\infty}$--Passivity Approach for Leveraging Heat-Pump-Connected District Heating Systems as Frequency Support in Electric Power Systems

Xinyi Yi·Ioannis Lestas

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Abstract

Heat-pump (HP)-connected district heating systems (DHSs) can support grid frequency by rapidly modulating HP electrical consumption while accommodating the resulting heat imbalance. Thermal-state-informed HP control improves EPS--DHS coordination, but introduces slower DHS dynamics and heat-side disturbance propagation at the electrical interface on the time scale of secondary frequency control. This paper formulates the regulated DHS as a grid-facing dynamic port and develops a mixed $H_\infty$--passivity framework for disturbance-independent temperature regulation while preserving a clean electrical response during secondary frequency control. Sufficient conditions guarantee local asymptotic stability of the EPS--HP--DHS interconnection across primary frequency control, secondary frequency control, and DHS regulation. These stability conditions are integrated with multi-channel $H_\infty$ attenuation of DHS-state-dependent electrical dynamics, heat-disturbance propagation, and DHS-regulation errors, yielding a tractable convex LMI program for controller synthesis. Cross-model validation deploys controllers synthesized on control-oriented EPS--DHS models, without retuning, on an open-source electromechanical IEEE 39-bus model coupled with four high-fidelity finite-volume DHS models retaining thermal transport, storage, and heat-loss dynamics. The resulting controller improves EPS--DHS coordination without compromising the grid-facing electrical response.

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Xinyi Yi, Ioannis Lestas. 2026-10-29. A Mixed $H_{\infty}$--Passivity Approach for Leveraging Heat-Pump-Connected District Heating Systems as Frequency Support in Electric Power Systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40955

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