Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2611.00084

AdaptAD: Foundation Model Adaptation with Missing Modality Robustness for Alzheimer's Disease Staging Across the Disease Continuum

Dawa Chyophel Lepcha·Sophie A. Martin·Pierrick Coupé·Shabbir Syed Abdul
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Staging Alzheimer's disease (AD) across its continuum, from cognitively normal (CN) through mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia from a single structural MRI remains difficult because 3-D networks overfit small cohorts, and FreeSurfer morphometry is often unavailable. We present AdaptAD, which reads a registered T1-weighted scan as 16 anatomically placed 2.5-D slices through the medial temporal lobe and adapts a frozen ImageNet-pretrained ViT-B/16 with low-rank adaptation (LoRA), training 3.5 M of 89 M parameters. Morphometry enters as tokens when present, or as a learned [MISSING] token, and a missing-aware stacker fuses both experts. Under a pre-registered protocol, ten methods were compared for three-class CN/MCI/AD staging on identical 5-fold splits of 597 ADNI participants, 29% without FreeSurfer, with Holm-corrected paired bootstrap tests. The locked model was tested once on 993 OASIS-3 participants (988 scored by every method). On ADNI, AdaptAD achieved a three-class macro-AUC of 0.745 (95% CI 0.709 to 0.781), ranking first and significantly exceeding full fine-tuning, ShaSpec and a 3-D CNN. On OASIS-3 it reached 0.780 (0.748 to 0.814), and on the CDR-based label (0.804) it significantly outperformed every 3-D and image-tabular method. LoRA matched full fine-tuning with 25 times fewer trainable parameters, and removing morphometry changed external macro-AUC by less than 0.003. The disease score tracked MMSE and CDR-SB within diagnostic groups and stratified MCI-to-dementia progression (log-rank p < 0.001), while saliency concentrated in medial temporal and periventricular regions. A parameter-efficient 2-D foundation model can therefore stage the full AD continuum from a routine T1 scan without morphometry, offering a scalable route to memory-clinic deployment.

Explore related subjects

cs.CVcs.LG

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Dawa Chyophel Lepcha, Sophie A. Martin, Pierrick Coupé, Shabbir Syed Abdul. 2026-10-19. AdaptAD: Foundation Model Adaptation with Missing Modality Robustness for Alzheimer's Disease Staging Across the Disease Continuum. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00084

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Graph-Aggregated Prototype Learning for Remote Sensing Semantic Change Detection

Semantic change detection (SCD) extends the binary change detection task to provide not only the change locations but also the detailed "from-to" categories in multi-temporal remote sensing data. Such detailed semantic insights into changes offer considerable advantages for a wide array of applications. However, since SCD involves the simultaneous optimization of multiple tasks, the model is prone to negative transfer due to task-specific learning difficulties and conflicting gradient flows. To address this issue, we propose Graph-Aggregated Prototype Learning for Remote Sensing Semantic Change Detection(GAPL-SCD). In this framework, a multi-task joint optimization method is designed to optimize the primary task of semantic segmentation and change detection, along with the auxiliary task of graph aggregation prototype learning. Adaptive weight allocation and gradient rotation methods are used to alleviate the conflict between training tasks and improve multi-task learning capabilities. Specifically, the graph aggregation prototype learning module constructs an interaction graph using high-level features. Prototypes serve as class proxies, enabling category-level domain alignment across time points and reducing interference from irrelevant changes. Additionally, the proposed self-query multi-level feature interaction and bi-temporal feature fusion modules further enhance multi-scale feature representation, improving performance in complex scenes. Experimental results on the SECOND and Landsat-SCD datasets demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance, with significant improvements in accuracy and robustness for SCD task.

cs.CV↗
arXiv2026

Compact Attention: Exploiting Structured Spatio-Temporal Sparsity for Fast Video Generation

The quadratic computational complexity of self-attention mechanisms imposes a critical constraint on transformer-based video generation, particularly for synthesizing ultra-long and high-definition sequences. While most sparse attention techniques employ fixed or heuristic patterns, they often struggle to accommodate the heterogeneous and layer-specific redundancies inherent in video diffusion transformers (VDiTs). We find that different attention heads consistently concentrate most of their attention mass in different coarse query-key regions, a behavior we call functional specialization. Although individual attention values vary with the generated content, these regions remain similar across prompts and random seeds. Leveraging these insights, we introduce Compact Attention, a hardware-aware sparse attention framework for efficient long-video synthesis. We quantify this stability and use it to construct searchable, reusable, head-specific masks. Based on the observation, we propose a deformable dual-window sparse pattern mechanism that flexibly approximates local and axial attention regions within one tile-aligned mask family. To avoid manually choosing a mask for each head, we develop a recall-driven offline auto-search algorithm that identifies high-quality sparse masks while leveraging temporal stability for mask reuse. Extensive evaluations on Wan2.1 (14B) and Hunyuan-Video demonstrate that Compact Attention achieves 2.25x/3.03x attention speedups over FlashAttention-2 and 1.20x/1.74x over FlashAttention-3, respectively, while maintaining visual quality and temporal consistency comparable to full-attention baselines. Project Page: https://yo-ava.github.io/Compact-Attention.github.io/

cs.CV↗
arXiv2026

Backpropagation-Free Test-Time Adaptation via Probabilistic Gaussian Alignment

Test-time adaptation (TTA) enhances the zero-shot robustness under distribution shifts by leveraging unlabeled test data during inference. Despite notable advances, several challenges still limit its broader applicability. First, most methods rely on backpropagation or iterative optimization, which limits scalability and hinders real-time deployment. Second, they lack explicit modeling of class-conditional feature distributions. This modeling is crucial for producing reliable decision boundaries and calibrated predictions, but it remains underexplored due to the lack of both source data and supervision at test time. In this paper, we propose ADAPT, an Advanced Distribution-Aware and backPropagation-free Test-time adaptation method. We reframe TTA as a Gaussian probabilistic inference task by modeling class-conditional likelihoods using gradually updated class means and a shared covariance matrix. This enables closed-form, training-free inference. To correct potential likelihood bias, we introduce lightweight regularization guided by CLIP priors and a historical knowledge bank. ADAPT requires no source data, no gradient updates, and no full access to target data, supporting both online and transductive settings. Extensive experiments across diverse benchmarks demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance under a wide range of distribution shifts with superior scalability and robustness.

cs.CV↗