Wide-field search for submicrosecond optical and gamma transients as manifestation of primordial black holes evaporation with the TAIGA-HiSCORE Cherenkov array

Abstract

We demonstrated in our papers [Panov, 2021; Panov,2025), that the TAIGA-HiSCORE Cherenkov array physics, originally designed for research in cosmic rays and ultra-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy, can also be used for wide-field searches for very rare submicrosecond optical transients of astrophysical origin. The papers \cite{PANOV-2021,PANOV-2025} presented the results of the first four seasons of optical transient searches (2018--2022) and the resulting upper limits on the flux of corresponding events. The present paper presents data processing from two new seasons of optical transient searches (2022--2024). This paper further develops a method for searching for narrow spatiotemporal groups of ultra-high-energy gamma-rays (above 100\,TeV). Since the evaporation of relic black holes can be accompanied by both by the emission of a short light pulse and by a flash of ultra-high-energy gamma-rays, a multimessenger technique for searching for black hole evaporation was in fact implemented in this work, where two different methods are implemented within a single instrument. The search for narrow spatiotemporal groups of gamma-rays was carried out in time windows of 1000\,$μ$s, 100\,$μ$s, and 6\,$μ$s. Since narrow groups of gamma were not detected, the upper limit on their frequency were obtained as $10^{-3}\,\mathrm{ster}^{-1}\mathrm{h}^{-1}$. The upper limit on the number of submicrosecond optical transients have also been updated: $10^{-4}\mathrm{erg/s/cm}^2$ as $5\cdot10^{-4}\,\mathrm{ster}^{-1}\mathrm{h}^{-1}$.