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arXiv · 2611.00775

Fibre factorization and automorphisms of direct products of bipartite graphs

Xiaomeng Wang
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Abstract

We determine the automorphism groups of direct products of finite connected twin-free bipartite graphs whose factors are different from $K_2$. The product is generally disconnected, so the problem requires both the automorphism groups of its components and a criterion for component isomorphism. We retain the order of the bipartition classes and use the fibre product over $K_2$. An edge-relation construction, together with McKenzie's strict refinement theorem, yields unique fibre-prime factorization and a coordinate description of every specified isomorphism. After refining the original factors, component isomorphism classes are described by intersections of factor-symmetry orbits with a set of admissible labels. The stabilizer of a label acts faithfully as the fullautomorphism group of its component. These data determine the full automorphism group, including products with repeated or fibre-composite factors. For products of fibre powers of one prime graph, we compute the component groups and express their multiplicities through a subset-sum polynomial. We also obtain an explicit semidirect product for a mixed product with one nonbipartite factor and explain its relation to known stability results. An application recovers the known double-cover groups of bipartite generalized Petersen graphs.

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Xiaomeng Wang. 2026-10-31. Fibre factorization and automorphisms of direct products of bipartite graphs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00775

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