Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2611.01499

Effects of radiation on the Laser Interferometer Lunar Antenna (LILA)

James M. Trippe·Brett N. Shapiro·Chloe A. Champagne·Brian D. Sierawski·Michael D. Hu·Volker Quetschke·Teviet Creighton·Philippe Lognonné·Mark P. Panning·John W. Conklin·Robert A. Reed·Karan Jani
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The Moon provides a promising environment for gravitational-wave (GW) observations in the midband. The Laser Interferometer Lunar Antenna (LILA) combines a lunar deformation channel (LDC) and a geodesic deformation channel (GDC) to cover the midband. The LDC uses the Moon's resonant response to GW for the lower portion of the midband while the GDC measures displacement of suspended test masses to measure the latter. Radiation on the lunar surface can produce spurious signals through test-mass charging, momentum transfer, and thermoelastic deformation. We estimate these contributions for a notional 100 kg fused-silica optic using Geant4 transport, a finite-element electrostatic force map, and a spatial thermoelastic response kernel. Solar-minimum galactic cosmic rays and lunar albedo neutrons define a background case; a worst-day solar energetic particle spectrum (1989 solar flare conditions) defines an extreme, but rare, case. Aluminum-equivalent shielding from 50 to 1000 mils (1.27 to 25.4 mm) and two electrostatic actuator voltage configurations are compared. In the uniform-charge approximation, balanced drive with electrode configuration (B) substantially reduces linear charge-to-force coupling. Ideal continuous compensation of the mean charging current suppresses coherent charge accumulation while introducing negligible discharge shot noise. With compensation, charge-related noise dominates the low-frequency response, whereas thermoelastic deformation dominates at higher frequencies. Accumulated-dose and photodetector transient estimates identify additional component-qualification considerations. Estimates indicate that even under solar flare conditions, radiation noise is not a significant contributor to LILA's overall noise budget as long as charge-aware designs are followed.

Explore related subjects

gr-qc

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

James M. Trippe, Brett N. Shapiro, Chloe A. Champagne, Brian D. Sierawski, Michael D. Hu, Volker Quetschke, Teviet Creighton, Philippe Lognonné, Mark P. Panning, John W. Conklin, Robert A. Reed, Karan Jani. 2026-11-01. Effects of radiation on the Laser Interferometer Lunar Antenna (LILA). https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01499

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Photon propagation and black hole imaging in Kruglov nonlinear electrodynamics

Nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) modifies photon propagation through an effective optical geometry, allowing optical phenomena to deviate from those predicted solely by the underlying spacetime metric. In this work, we revisit the Kruglov model, which generalizes Born--Infeld electrodynamics, and investigate the corresponding null geodesics in theeffective geometry through direct numerical integration, without relying on strong-field analytical approximations. We analyze the resulting photon spheres, gravitational lensing, black-hole shadows, and thin accretion-disk images, together with their dependence on the parameter $q$. For sufficiently small positive $q$, the effective angular metric develops a pole that generates stable photon orbits outside the event horizon and locally reverses the azimuthal evolution of photon trajectories, producing a distinctive bending pattern that resembles, although does not originate from, frame dragging. Conversely, negative $q$ introduces a zero of the effective correction factor, which acts as a turning point for photon trajectories and prevents them from entering the region where the background metric becomes complex. It produces measurable changes in light deflection, shadow radius, photon-ring morphology, and relativistic images. In particular, smaller positive values of $q$ produce thinner photon rings and enlarged shadow radii, whereas negative values generally lead to broader photon rings and smaller shadows. Comparison with the current Event Horizon Telescope constraints on Sgr~A* shows that a substantial region of the Kruglov parameter space remains compatible with present observations.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2026

Parity-dependent wave absorption and optical characteristics of a cored magnetic black hole

We study light propagation and coupled gravitational--electromagnetic waves around a black hole supported by a nonlinear magnetic field. The same field action fixes the geometry, the mass--charge relation, and the wave potentials. We calculate two critical impact parameters for light and solve the coupled scattering equations in both parity sectors. In eight solutions of one action, the two optical scales differ by $3.6$--$7.2\%$. The wave absorption also depends on parity. For $\ell=2$, the gap between the larger absorption eigenvalues reaches about $9.0$ percentage points. A wider frequency scan reveals a stronger effect in the second eigenchannel. The difference between the two absorption traces reaches $24.3$ percentage points. The trace equals twice the absorption of an equal incoherent mixture of incoming gravitational and electromagnetic fields. A controlled test of the wave operator shows that the nonlinear electromagnetic factor $κ$ plays an important role in the parity gap. We also examine four $\ell=3$ cases and use charge-matched Reissner--Nordström black holes as a separate control. The optical and wave calculations provide two complementary properties of the same magnetic source.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2026

Perturbative dynamics and relativistic effects of a dyonic Kalb-Ramond black hole

We investigate perturbative dynamics, tidal effects, and relativistic frequency shifts in a dyonic Kalb-Ramond black hole generated by a Lorentz-violating antisymmetric tensor background. The geometry is controlled by the mass $M$, the electric charge $Q$, the magnetic charge $p$, and the Lorentz-violating parameter $\ell$, with the dyonic sector entering through the effective combination $P_{\ell}^{2}=Q^{2}/(1-\ell)^{2}+p^{2}/(1-2\ell)$. First, we analyze the gravitational Doppler effect for radial signal exchange between freely falling and static observers, showing how the dyonic charges weaken the redshift by shifting the frequency ratio toward unity. We then compute the radial and angular tidal forces in a freely falling frame and determine the characteristic radii at which the usual stretching and compression patterns are reversed. The gravitational time delay is also evaluated for null trajectories, showing that the electric and magnetic sectors reduce the delay relative to the reference configuration. In the perturbative sector, we study massless scalar, vector, and spinor test fields together with an effective axial metric model, computing sixth-order WKB spectra and independently checking selected modes using the asymptotic iteration method. At fixed mass and charges, increasing the Lorentz-violating parameter raises the tabulated oscillation frequencies and damping rates in the original time coordinate; their interpretation accounts for time normalization and changes in effective parameters. The independent comparisons support the tested higher-multipole fundamental modes. Time-domain evolutions exhibit damped ringdown followed by power-law tails, whose exponents are estimated through fits incorporating finite time corrections and numerical sensitivity checks.

gr-qc↗