3D Banff Glomerulitis Scoring for Kidney Transplant Pathology: Feasibility Study for Volumetric Quantification

Yanfan Zhu; Junchao Zhu; Ruining Deng; Shilin Zhao; Yu Wang; Yaohong Wang; Yuechen Yang; Chongyu Qu; Zhengyi Lu; Juming Xiong; Mengmeng Yin; Yihan Wang; Andrew J. Rauch; Haichun Yang; Yuankai Huo

arXiv · 2611.05925

3D Banff Glomerulitis Scoring for Kidney Transplant Pathology: Feasibility Study for Volumetric Quantification

Yanfan Zhu·Junchao Zhu·Ruining Deng·Shilin Zhao·Yu Wang·Yaohong Wang·Yuechen Yang·Chongyu Qu·Zhengyi Lu·Juming Xiong·Mengmeng Yin·Yihan Wang·Andrew J. Rauch·Haichun Yang·Yuankai Huo

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Abstract

Quantifying glomerular inflammation in kidney-transplant biopsies is traditionally performed on single whole-slide sections using the Banff "most-severe section" rule, despite the inherently three-dimensional nature of lesion distribution. This 2D based assessment might lead to instability when inflammation varies across slices. This paper reports a feasibility study examining the technical feasibility and clinical relevance of extending Banff scoring into three dimensions. To this end, we propose a 3D Banff lesion-scoring framework that aligns serial sections, reconstructs glomerular identities across depth, and integrates inflammatory-cell counts in 3D under three scoring strategies: Compatible, Volumetric, and Deduplicated Volumetric. In the experiments, glomerulitis (g-scores) was used as an example Banff metric and applied to multi-section renal allograft biopsies. Our findings indicate that 3D Banff g-scores are more consistent across sections and, under the semi-automatic setting, the Volumetric strategy correlates more strongly with clinical biomarkers than traditional 2D scores. These results show that 3D volumetric quantification offers promising added value, underscoring the potential benefit of 3D-aware Banff scoring for kidney transplant pathology.

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Yanfan Zhu, Junchao Zhu, Ruining Deng, Shilin Zhao, Yu Wang, Yaohong Wang, Yuechen Yang, Chongyu Qu, Zhengyi Lu, Juming Xiong, Mengmeng Yin, Yihan Wang, Andrew J. Rauch, Haichun Yang, Yuankai Huo. 2026-11-04. 3D Banff Glomerulitis Scoring for Kidney Transplant Pathology: Feasibility Study for Volumetric Quantification. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.05925

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