Spatial structure of surface plasmon resonance under narrow-beam illumination and its implications for sensing

Tristan Miralles; Rémi Pollès; Pauline Bennet; Denis Langevin; Martine Mihailovic; Emmanuel Centeno; Jack Mock; David R. Smith; Antoine Moreau

arXiv · 2611.06222

Spatial structure of surface plasmon resonance under narrow-beam illumination and its implications for sensing

Tristan Miralles·Rémi Pollès·Pauline Bennet·Denis Langevin·Martine Mihailovic·Emmanuel Centeno·Jack Mock·David R. Smith·Antoine Moreau

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Abstract

The reflection of light on a surface plasmon resonance structure can be understood as the interference between the direct Fresnel reflection and the light radiated back by the plasmon as it propagates along the metal film. When the beam waist is only an order of magnitude larger than the surface plasmon propagation length, these two contributions separate spatially, and their destructive interference localizes into a dark fringe within the reflected beam. We develop an analytical model of this effect, design a realistic setup based on off-the-shelf components to observe it, and simulate the complete experiment, from illumination to detection, with an open-source framework. In the regime where the interference is maximized, the spatial structure of the reflected beam becomes extremely sensitive to the outer medium. This allows us to define an observable more than an order of magnitude more sensitive than amplitude-based measurements, and we expect a comparable improvement in resolution.

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Tristan Miralles, Rémi Pollès, Pauline Bennet, Denis Langevin, Martine Mihailovic, Emmanuel Centeno, Jack Mock, David R. Smith, Antoine Moreau. 2026-11-04. Spatial structure of surface plasmon resonance under narrow-beam illumination and its implications for sensing. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.06222

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