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arXiv · 2611.07621

Data-Driven Configuration of Protective Separation Zones in Collaborative Robot Cells from Operator Occupancy

Aulon Bajrami·Theo Jacobs·Werner Kraus
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Abstract

The protective separation zone of a collaborative robot cell is commonly dimensioned for a worst case that disregards where the operator is actually present during the task. This paper presents a camera-based, data-driven method that configures this zone from observed operator occupancy. Operator positions accumulated over several production shifts are aggregated into an occupancy heatmap, from which a protective field is derived that trades off the achievable robot velocity against the required safety distance, following the speed and separation monitoring principle of ISO/TS 15066. The resulting configuration is advisory, that is, reviewed within the risk assessment rather than applied autonomously to the robot controller. The method, which builds on a pose-based perception pipeline with activity recognition, was evaluated in two operational cells at two industrial partners, where the protective field could be reduced by approximately 17% and a productivity increase of 9% was measured. However, adoption proved to depend on more than the demonstrated gain alone.

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Aulon Bajrami, Theo Jacobs, Werner Kraus. 2026-11-05. Data-Driven Configuration of Protective Separation Zones in Collaborative Robot Cells from Operator Occupancy. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.07621

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