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Bosonic model with $Z_3$ fractionalization

O. I. Motrunich
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Abstract

Bosonic model with unfrustrated hopping and short-range repulsive interaction is constructed that realizes $Z_3$ fractionalized insulator phase in two dimensions and in zero magnetic field. Such phase is characterized as having gapped charged excitations that carry fractional electrical charge 1/3 and also gapped $Z_3$ vortices above the topologically ordered ground state.

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O. I. Motrunich. 2002-10-31. Bosonic model with $Z_3$ fractionalization. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.67.115108

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