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How much energy do closed timelike curves in 2+1 spacetimes need?

Manuel H. Tiglio
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Abstract

By noticing that, in open 2+1 gravity, polarized surfaces cannot converge in the presence of timelike total energy momentum (except for a rotation of 2 pi), we give a simple argument which shows that, quite generally, closed timelike curves cannot exist in the presence of such energy condition.

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Manuel H. Tiglio. 2000-01-27. How much energy do closed timelike curves in 2+1 spacetimes need?. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.61.081503

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