Critical Phenomena for Riemannian Manifolds: Simple Homotopy and Simplicial Quantum Gravity

Abstract

We show how Gromov's spaces of bounded geometries provide a general mathematical framework for addressing and solving many of the issues of $3D$-simplicial quantum gravity. In particular, we establish entropy estimates characterizing the asymptotic distribution of combinatorially inequivalent triangulated $3$-manifolds, as the number of tetrahedra diverges. Moreover, we offer a rather detailed presentation of how spaces of three-dimensional riemannian manifolds with natural bounds on curvatures, diameter, and volume can be used to prove that three-dimensional simplicial quantum gravity is connected to a Gaussian model determined by the simple homotopy types of the underlying manifolds. This connection is determined by a Gaussian measure defined over the general linear group $GL({\bf R},\infty)$. It is shown that the partition function of three-dimensional simplicial quantum gravity is well-defined, in the thermodynamic limit, for a suitable range of values of the gravitational and cosmological coupling constants. Such values are determined by the Reidemeister-Franz torsion invariants associated with an orthogonal representation of the fundamental groups of the set of manifolds considered. The geometrical system considered shows also critical behavior, and in such a case the partition function is exactly evaluated and shown to be equal to the Reidemeister-Franz torsion. The phase structure in the thermodynamical limit is also discussed. In particular, there are either phase transitions describing the passage from a simple homotopy type to another, and (first order) phase transitions within a given simple homotopy type which seem to confirm, on an analytical ground, the picture suggested by numerical simulations.