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The Statistical Mechanics of the (2+1)-Dimensional Black Hole

S. Carlip
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Abstract

The presence of a horizon breaks the gauge invariance of (2+1)-dimensional general relativity, leading to the appearance of new physical states at the horizon. I show that the entropy of the (2+1)-dimensional black hole can be obtained as the logarithm of the number of these microscopic states.

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S. Carlip. 1994-09-26. The Statistical Mechanics of the (2+1)-Dimensional Black Hole. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.51.632

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