Search arXiv⌕ Search

arXiv · hep-ex/0007002

Using Multiple RISC CPUs in Parallel to Study Charm Quarks

Abstract

We have integrated a system of 16 RISC CPUs to help reconstruct and analyze a 1.3 Terabyte data set of 400 million high energy physics interactions. These new CPUs provided an affordable means of processing a very large data set. The data was generated using a hadron beam and a fixed target at Fermilab Experiment 769. Signals were recorded on tape from particles created in or decaying near the target and passing though a magnetic spectrometer. Because all the interactions were independent, each CPU could completely reconstruct any interaction without reference to other CPUs. Problems of this sort are ideal for multiple processors. In the offline reconstuction system, we used Exabyte 8mm video tape drives with an I/O capacity of 7 Terabytes per year and a storage capacity of 2.3 Gigabytes per tape. This reduced tape mounts to one or two per day rather than one or two per hour as would be the case with 9-track tapes. The ETHERNET network used to link the CPUs and has an I/O capacity of 15 Terabytes per year. The RISC CPUs came in the form of commercially supported workstations with little memory and no graphics to minimize cost. Each 25 MHz MIPS R3000 RISC CPU processed data 20 times faster than 16MHz Motorola 68020 CPUs that were also used. About 8000 hours of processing was needed to reconstruct the data set. A sample of thousands of fully reconstructed particles containing a charm quark has been produced.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

C. Stoughton, D. J. Summers. 2000-07-02. Using Multiple RISC CPUs in Parallel to Study Charm Quarks. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.168427

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

The mathematical theory of photomultiplier tube calibration

In this technical note we describe the main features of the mathematical theory of photomultiplier tube (PMT) calibration. Attention was paid to explain the various arguments and concepts in a simple and pedagogical manner that everybody understands. The basic operational principles of a PMT are discussed from a theoretical standpoint. The essential steps of its function (photoconversion, focusing, multiplication, etc.) are laid down together with the mathematical schemes necessary to model the charge output of a PMT when illuminated by a faint poissonian light source. In case of important omissions we direct the reader to some of the standard references. The most common numerical methods, used to calculate the charge amplification function $S_R(x)$, are also presented. As an example, we plot $S_R(x)$ utilizing a gamma function model for the single photoelectron (SPE) response and showcase its main characteristics. The basic techniques for gain calibration are also introduced, and we probed their precision using toy Monte Carlo data. Additionally, data from a Hamamatsu R1408 PMT were analyzed. Finally, we show how the presence of soft charge component can affect the results of gain determination. We conclude this report with some general comments regarding \emph{in situ} calibration of large-scale detectors. We hope that this document can serve as a reference for students and young researchers that want to learn more about the theory of PMT calibration.

hep-ex↗

First measurement of the forward rapidity dependence of $W$ boson transverse helicity fractions

The transverse helicity fractions of $W$ bosons are measured as a function of the $W$ boson rapidity, $y_{W}$, in the range $0 \leq y_{W} \leq 5$ using $W\toμν_μ$ decays in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV recorded by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.1$ fb$^{-1}$. The fractions are extracted from a template fit to the muon transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. The results show a strong rapidity dependence and agree with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions, providing the first determination of the transverse helicity fractions of $W$ bosons in the forward region.

hep-ex↗

Benchmarking Nucleon Production in Hadron Interactions Relevant for GeV-scale Neutrino Experiments

In neutrino scattering experiments, the emitted final state particles are essential for identifying interaction channels and reconstructing neutrino energies. During intranuclear propagation, neutrino-induced hadrons can interact with surrounding nucleons, altering both the number of final state particles and detectable energy depositions. As a result, neutrino experiments rely on hadron-nucleus scattering models to simulate these nuclear effects. This paper explores nucleon production predicted by hadron scattering models for common hadrons in neutrino experiments, specifically nucleons and pions. We investigate these models with simulations from the \textsc{GENIE} neutrino event generator, which includes implementations of \textsc{Geant4} Bertini Cascade and \textsc{INCL++}. For popular target nuclei, we find that the number of emitted nucleons for mesonless hadron interactions can be parameterized by simple Gaussian and exponential decay functions. We present these relationships and provide reweighting tools for addressing the hadron scattering model spread in both visible energy and final state nucleon multiplicities.

hep-ex↗