Precision Measurements and CKM Unitarity

Abstract

Determinations of $\vud$ and $\vus$ along with their implications for the unitarity test $\vud^2+\vus^2+\vub^2=1$ are discussed. The leading two loop radiative corrections to neutron $β$-decay are evaluated and used to derive a refined relationship $\vud^2 τ_n (1+3g_A^2)=4908(4)$sec. Employing $\vud =0.9740(5)$ from superallowed nuclear decays and the measured neutron lifetime $τ_n = 885.7(7)$sec, leads to the precise prediction $g_A=1.2703(8)$ which is compared with current direct experimental values. Various extractions of $\vus$ are described and updated. The long accepted Particle Data Group value of $\vus$ from fitted $K_{e3}$ decay rates suggests a deviation from CKM unitarity but it is contradicted by more recent experimental results which confirm unitarity with good precision. An outlook for possible future advances is given.